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qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut the qm ax tm series of hi gh curre n t si ngle output dc-dc conve r ters f r om po we r-o ne sets ne w stand ard s for therm a l perfo rman ce and po we r de nsity in the quarte r bri ck p a ckag e. the 40 a q m 48s co nverte rs of the qm ax tm series provide thermal pe rfo r man c e in hi gh te mperatu r e enviro n me nts that is com parabl e to or excee d s the indu st ry?s leadi ng 4 0 a half bricks. this i s accompli she d throu gh the use of pate n t pend- ing ci rcuit, pa ckagin g an d pro c e ssi ng te chni que s to a c hieve ultra-high efficien cy, excel l ent thermal manag eme n t and a very low body profile. the qm4 8 s 4 0 co nverte rs have a p o w er den sity of up to 130 w/in 3 , more th an t w ice that of comp etitors? 40a half bricks. ove r 1 sq ua re in ch of boa rd sp a c e can be sa ved for every sl ot in whi c h a 4 0 a half b r ick is repl aced with a qm48s4 0 co nverter from powe r-o ne. low bo dy profile an d the pre c lu sion of heat sin k s minimize impeda nce t o sy stem airflow, thu s e nhan cin g co oling fo r downstream device s . the use of 1 0 0 % automatio n for a s - sembly, cou p led with po wer-o ne? s a d vanced ele c tri c and thermal de sig n , result s in a prod uct wit h extremely high reli - ability. operating fro m a 36-75 v input, the qmax tm series con - verters provid e stan dar d o u tput voltage for 3.3 v. output ca n be trimme d from ?20% to +10% of the nominal outp u t volt- age, thus p r o v iding outsta nding d e sig n flexibility. applications ? telecommu ni cation s ? data communic a tions ? wirel e s s ? servers qm48s4 003 3 conv erter features ? ro hs lead -free sol der a n d lead-sold er-e xempted prod uct s are available ? delivers up to 40 a (132 w) ? industry - sta n dard sm qu arter bri ck pi no ut ? high er curren t capability at 70 oc than m o st co mpeti- tors? 40 a half bricks ? on-b oa rd inp u t differential lc-filte r ? high effici en cy ? no heat si nk re qui red ? start up into pre - bia s e d ou tput ? no minim u m load re qui red ? low profile: 0.28? [7.1 mm] ? low weig ht: 1.06 oz [30 g] typical ? meets ba sic i n sul a tion re q u irem ents of en609 50 ? withsta n d s 1 00 v input tra n sie n t for 100 ms ? fixed-fre que ncy ope ration ? fully prote c te d ? remote output s e ns e ? output voltag e trim rang e: +10%/ ? 20% with indu stry- stand ard trim equatio ns ? high reliability: mtbf of 2. 6 million hours, calculat ed per tel c o r dia tr-332, meth od i ca se 1 ? positive or ne gative logic o n /off optio n ? ul 60 950 recognition in us and can a d a and demk o certification p e r iec/en 60 950 ? meets con d ucted e m issi ons req u ire m ents of f c c cla ss b and en 5502 2 cl ass b with external filter ? all materials meet ul94, v-0 flammabilit y rating feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 1 of 13 ww w.po we r- o ne.com
qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut electrical specifications con d itio ns: t a = 25oc, airflow = 300 lf m (1.5 m/s), vin= 48 v d c, unless ot he rw ise specifie d . paramete r notes min typ max units absol ute maximum ratings input voltage continuous 0 80 vdc oper ating ambient tempe r atur e -40 85 c storage temper ature -55 125 c in pu t char ac ter i stic s oper ating input voltage range 36 48 75 vdc input unde r volt age lockout non-latching turn -on t h resh old 33 34 35 vdc turn -off th res h ol d 31 32 33 vdc input voltage t r ansient 100 ms 100 vdc isolatio n ch a r a c te ristics i/o isolation 2000 vdc isolation capacitance 1.4 nf isolation resista n ce 10 m ? featu r e c h a r acte r i s tics sw itching f r equ enc y 415 khz output voltag e trim range 1 industr y-std. eq uations on page 4 -20 +10 % remote sense compensation 1 percent of v out ( no m ) + 1 0 % output over -voltage protection non-latching 117 128 140 % auto-restart p e riod applies to all protection features 100 ms turn -on ti me 4 ms on/ o f f cont rol (positive logic) converter off -20 0.8 vdc converter on 2.4 20 vdc on/ o f f cont rol (negative logic) converter off 2.4 20 vdc converter on -20 0.8 vdc additional notes: 1. vout can be incr eased up to 10 % via the sense leads or up t o 1 0 % via the t r im f unction, ho w e ver total output volt age trim f r om all sources should not excee d 10% of v out ( nom ), in or der to i n sure specified operati on of over - v oltage protection circuitry . feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 2 of 13 ww w.po we r- o ne.com
qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut electrical specifications: (continued) con d itio ns: t a = 25oc, airflow = 300 lf m (1.5 m/s), vin= 48 v d c, unless ot he rw ise specifie d . paramete r notes min typ max units in pu t ch ar ac ter i stic s maximum input curre nt 40 adc, 3.3 vdc out @ 3 6 vdc in 4.1 adc input stand- b y curre nt vin = 48 v, converter disabled 3 madc input no lo ad c u rrent (0 load on the output) vin = 48 v, converter en abled 63 madc input reflected- ripple curre nt 25mhz band w i d t h 7.5 ma pk- p k input voltage ri pple rejection 120hz 64 db ou tpu t cha rac ter i stic s output voltag e set point (no loa d ) 3.267 3.300 3.333 vdc output regulati on over line 2 5 mv over loa d 2 5 mv output voltag e range over line, load a nd temperat ure 2 3.250 3.350 vdc output ripple a nd noise - 25mh z band w i dth full load + 10 f tantalum + 1 f ceramic 30 50 mv pk- p k extern al load c apacitance plus full load (resistive) 40,000 f output cur r ent range 0 40 adc curre nt limit inception non-latching 42 47 52 adc peak short-circ uit current non-latching. sh ort=10m ? . 5 0 6 0 a rms short- circuit current non-latching 10 15 arms dynamic response load chan ge 25 % of iout ma x, di /dt = 1 a/s co = 470 f ta n t alum + 1 f cer a mic 120 mv setting time to 1% 80 s efficiency 100% lo ad 90.5 % 50% loa d 92.5 % additional notes: 2. -40oc to 85oc feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 3 of 13 ww w.po we r- o ne.com
qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut operation input and output impedance these po we r converte rs have been d e sig ned to b e stable with no external cap a cito rs wh en used in low indu ct ance in- put and outp u t circuits. ho wever, in many appli c a t ions , the in d u ctan ce asso ciate d with the distri bution from the pow er sou r ce to the inp u t of the converter can affect the stabilit y of the converter. t he addi- tion of a 33 f electrolytic ca pa citor with an esr < 1 ? across the input helps ensure st ability of the converter. in many ap plica t ions, the user h a s to u s e de cou p ling ca pa ci- tance at th e l oad. t he po wer co nverte r will exhi bit st able op- eration with e x ternal load capa citan c e u p to 40,000 f. on/off (p in 2) the o n /off pin is u s ed t o turn the p o w er co nverte r on o r off remotely v i a a system signal. th ere are t w o remo te con - trol optio ns a v ailable, po si tive logic an d ne gative lo gic and both a r e refe renced to vin(-). ty pi cal co nne ct ion s a r e sh ow n in fig. a. r l oad vin co n t ro l in p u t vin ( + ) v i n (-) on / o ff v out ( + ) v out ( - ) tr i m s e n se ( + ) se ns e ( - ) ( t op v i ew ) conv e r ter qma x tm se ri e s fig. a : circu it config uratio n for on/of f function. the p o sitive l ogic ve rsi on t u rn s on whe n the o n /of f pin i s at a logi c hig h and tu rn s off when at a logic l o w. t he con - verter is o n when the o n /off pin is lef t open . the ne gative logic ve rsi on turns on whe n the pin i s at a logi c low and turn s off whe n t he pi n i s at a lo gic hig h . the on/off pin can be hard wire d di re ctly to vin(-) to enabl e automatic po wer up of the co nverte r wit hout the nee d of a n external control sign al. on/off pin i s internally p u lled-up to 5 v through a resi stor. a mechani ca l switch, ope n colle ctor t r ansi s tor, or fet can be u s e d to d r ive the i nput of the on/o ff pin. t he device must b e cap able of sin k in g up to 0.2 m a at a low l e vel volt- age of 0.8 v. an externa l voltage sou r ce ( 20 v m a ximum) may be con necte d direct ly to the on/off input, i n whi c h ca se it must be ca pabl e o f sourcing or sinki ng up t o 1 ma depe nding o n the si gnal polarity. see the start-u p informa - tion se ction for syste m timing wavefo rms asso ciat ed with use of the o n /off pin. remote sense (pins 5 and 7) the remote sense featu r e of the converter compe n sa tes for voltage dro p s occurring be tween the ou tput pins of the co n- verter and th e load. the sense(-) (pin 5) and sense(+ ) (pin 7) pin s should be con necte d at the load or at the point whe r e regulat ion is re qui re d (se e fig. b). 100 10 rw rw r l oad vin vin ( + ) v i n (-) on / o f f v out ( + ) v out ( - ) tr i m sen se ( + ) sen se ( - ) ( t op v i e w ) co n v e r t e r qm a x tm se ri e s fig. b: remote sense circ uit config uratio n. if remote sen s ing i s n o t re quire d, the s e nse(-) pin must be con n e c ted to the vout(-) p i n (pin 4), an d the sense(+) pin must be co n necte d to the vout(+) pin (pin 8) to en sure the conve r ter will regulate at t he specifie d output voltage. if these co nne ctions a r e n o t made, the co nverter will d e liver an output voltag e that is slight ly higher than the spe c ified value. becau s e the sen s e le ad s carry minimal current, larg e trace s on the e nd-u s er boa rd are not requi re d. ho wever, sen s e trace s sh ould be lo cate d cl ose to a g r o u nd pla ne to m i nimize system n o ise and in su re o p timum pe rfo r man c e. whe n wiri ng discretely, t w i s ted pai r wires sh ould be used to con nect th e sen s e lin es to the load to re duce su scepti b ility to noise. the conve r te r?s o u tput ove r-vol tag e protection (ovp) sen s e s the voltage a c ro ss vout(+) and vout(-), and not a c ross the sen s e lin es, so the re sist ance (a nd re sulting voltag e dro p ) betwe en the output pin s of the conve r te r an d the l o a d should be minimi zed to prevent un wante d trigge ring of the o vp. when utilizing the remote sense feature, care m u st be taken not to exceed the maximum allowa ble output po wer capa bil- ity of the con v erter, e qual to the p r od uct of the n o mi nal o u t- put voltage a nd the all o wable o u tput current for th e given conditions. feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 4 of 13 ww w.po we r- o ne.com
qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut whe n u s ing remote se nse, the output voltage at the con- verter can b e increa sed by as mu ch as 10% ab ove the nominal ratin g in o r de r t o maintain the requi red voltage across th e lo ad. the r efo r e , the desi gne r mu st, if necessary, decrea s e the maximum cu rre nt (origi nal ly obtaine d from the deratin g cu rv es) by the sa me perce nta ge to ensure the con - verter? s a c tu al output po wer re main s at or belo w t he maxi- mum allo wabl e output po wer. output voltage adjust /trim (pin 6) the o u tput voltage can b e adju s ted u p 10% o r d o w n 2 0 % relative to the rated outp u t voltage by the addition o f an ex- ternally con n e cted re si sto r . trim up to 10% i s gu a r antee d only at vin 40 v, and it is ma rgin al (8% to 10%) at vin = 36 v. the t r im pi n shoul d b e left open if trimming i s no t being use d . to min i mize n o ise p i ckup, a 0.1 f cap a cit o r is c on- necte d intern ally betwee n the trim an d sense(-) pin s . to increa se t he output vol t age, refer to fig. c. a trim resi s- tor, r t - incr , should be con necte d bet we en the t r im (pin 6 ) and sense(+) (pin 7), wit h a value of: 10.22 1.225 ? 626 ? )v 5.11(100 r nom o incr t [k : ] whe r e, incr t r req u ire d value of trim-up resi sto r k : ] nom o v nomin a l valu e of output voltage [v] 100 x v ) v (v ? nom - o nom - o req - o [%] req o v de sire d (trim m ed) o u tput voltage [v]. whe n trim mi ng u p , care must be ta ke n not t o ex ceed th e conve r ter? s m a ximum allo wabl e outp u t power. see previou s se ction for a compl e te discussion of this requi rem ent. r l oad vin vin ( + ) v i n (-) on / o f f v out ( + ) v out ( - ) tr i m sen se ( + ) sen se ( - ) r t - i ncr ( t op v i e w ) c onv e r t e r se ri e s qm a x tm fig. c: config uratio n for incr easi ng o u tput voltag e . to de crea se the output vo ltage (fig. d), a tri m re sisto r , r t - decr , shou ld be conn ect ed bet ween t he trim (pin 6) an d sense(-) (pin 5), with a value of: 10.22 | ? | 511 r decr t [k : ] whe r e, decr t r req u ire d value of trim-do w n re si stor [k : ] and ? is as def ined ab ove. note: t he a bove e quatio ns fo r cal c ul ation of trim re si stor values m a tch those typical l y used in co nventional in dustry - stand ard qu a r ter bri c ks. f o r mo re i n formation see applica - tion note 103. r l oad vin vin ( + ) v i n (-) on / o f f v out ( + ) v out ( - ) tr i m sen se ( + ) sen se ( - ) r t - de cr ( t op v i e w ) c onv e r t e r se ri e s q ma x tm q ma x qm a x tm fig. d: config uratio n for decr easi ng o u tput voltag e. trimmin g /se n sing beyon d 110% of th e rated output voltage is not an acceptable de sig n pra c tice, a s this con d ition coul d cau s e un wa n t ed trig geri n g of the outp u t over-voltage prote c - tion (ovp ) ci rcuit. t he de sign er sh ould en sure that the dif- feren c e between the volta ges ac ro ss t he conve r ter? s o u tput pins a nd its sense pin s do es not excee d 0.33 v, or: 0.33 )] ( v ) ( [v )] ( v ) ( [v sense sense out out d [v] this eq uation is applicable for any cond ition of output sens- ing and/o r out put trim. feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 5 of 13 ww w.po we r- o ne.com
qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut protection features input undervoltage lockout input un derv o ltage l o ckou t is stand ard with thi s co nverter. the conve r te r will shut d o w n wh en the input voltag e drop s belo w a pre - d e termin ed vol t age. the in put vol t age mu st be typically 34v for the co nverter to turn on. o n ce the co nvert e r ha s b een t u rne d on, it will sh ut off when the input voltag e drop s typically belo w 32 v. this feature is be n e ficial i n p r ev enting dee p d i scharging of batter- ies u s ed in tel e com a ppli c a t ions. output overcurrent protection (ocp) the co nverte r i s p r ote c ted agai nst overcurre n t o r sh ort cir- cuit co ndition s. upo n sen s ing an ove r -current co nditi on, the converter will switch to cons tant current operation and thereby begi n to redu ce output voltag e. wh en the outpu t voltage d r op s belo w 50% o f the nomi nal value of outp u t volt- age, the co nverter will sh ut down. once the converter ha s shut down, it will attempt to restart nominally ev ery 100 ms with a typical 1-2% d u ty cycle. the attempted re start will cont inue in definit ely until the overloa d or sh ort ci rcu i t condition s are removed or the output voltage rise s ab ove 5 0 % of its nominal value. output overvoltag e protection (ovp) the converter will shut down if the output voltage across vout(+) (pin 8) and vout(-) (pi n 4 ) exceed s the thre shol d of the ovp circuitry. the ovp circuitry co ntains its own refe r- ence, indepe ndent of the output voltage reg u lation loop. once the converter ha s shut down, it will attempt to restart every 100 m s until the ovp condition i s removed. overtemperature protection (otp) the converter will shut down under an overte mperat ure con- dition to prot ect itself from overhe ating cau s e d by op eration outsid e the therm a l d e rati ng curve s , or ope ration in abn or- mal c o nditions s u c h as sys tem fan failure. after the c o n- verter ha s cooled to a safe operating temperatu r e , it will automatically resta r t. safet y requirements the convert e rs m eet north ameri c an and inte rnation a l safety regul atory requi rem ents pe r ul6 0950 an d en6095 0. basic in sulati on is provide d betwe en in put and outp u t. to co mply wi th safety age ncie s requi re ments, an i n put line fuse mu st be use d extern al to the co n v erter. a 7.5-a fuse i s recomme nde d for use with this prod uct. module s are ul app rove d for maximum fuse rating of 15-a. to prote c t a grou p of mod u les with a si ngle fuse, the rating can b e increa sed fro m the recomme nde d values a b o v e. electromagnetic compatibility (emc) emc re quire ments m u st be met at th e end -produ ct system level, as n o specifi c sta n d a rd s de dicate d to emc ch ara c ter- istics of b o a r d mou n ted compon ent d c -dc converte rs exi s t. ho wev e r, p o wer - o ne t e st s it s c onv e r t e rs t o sev e r a l sy st em level stan dards, p r ima r y of whi c h i s the more st ringent en550 22, inform ation technolo g y eq ui pm ent - radi o distur- ban ce characteristics - lim i ts and m e thods of m easu r em ent. effective internal lc differentia l filter signifi cantly redu ce s input refle c te d ripple cu rre nt, and impro v es emc. with the addit i on of a sim p l e extern al filter, all ve rsi o n s of the qmax? series of co nverters pa ss the requi rem ents of cla s s b con ducte d emi ssions pe r e n 5 5022 an d f c c, an d meet at a minimum, cla s s a radiated emissi on s p e r en 5502 2 and cl ass b per f c c title 47 cf r, part 15-j. please conta c t power-one ap pli c ation s engi neeri ng fo r d e tails of this tes t ing. fig. h: location of the therm o cou p le for thermal testing. feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 6 of 13 ww w.po we r- o ne.com
qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut characterization general in formation the co nverte r has be en chara c te rized for many ope rationa l asp e ct s, to includ e therm a l deratin g (ma x imum load current as a fun c tion of ambient te mperature a n d airflow) for vertical and ho rizont al mounting, effici en cy, start-u p and shutdo wn para m eters, output rip p le and n o ise, tran sient re sp onse to load ste p -cha nge, overlo ad and sh ort ci rcuit. the follo wing page s contai n sp ecifi c plo t s or wavefo rms a s - so ciated with the conve r ter. a dditional comment s for spe c ific data are p r ovi ded bel ow. test conditions all data pre s ented were t a ke n with the conve r ter sol dere d to a test boa rd, sp ecifi c ally a 0. 06 0? thick p r inte d wiri ng b oard (pwb) with f our laye rs. t he top an d b o ttom layers were not metalize d . th e two in ne r l a yers, com p ri sing t w o - oun ce cop - per, were used to provide trace s fo r co nne ctivity to the con- ver t er . the l a ck of metalizatio n on the o u ter layers a s wel l as the limited therm a l co nne ction ensure d tha t heat tran sfer fro m the co nverte r to the pwb wa s minimi zed. this pro v ides a worst-ca se b u t con s i s tent scena rio fo r therm a l de rati ng pu r- poses. all measu r e m ents requi ri ng airflo w were ma de in power- one? s vertica l and ho rizon t al wind tun n e l facilities u s ing in- frare d (ir) th ermo gra phy and th erm o couple s fo r th ermom e - try. ensu ring co mpone nts o n the co nverte r do not exceed thei r rating s i s im p o rtant to mai n taining hig h reli ability. if one an - ticipate s ope rating the co n v erter at or cl ose to the m a ximum load s spe c ifie d in the d e rating curve s , it is p r ude nt to che c k actual op erat ing temp erature s in the appli c ation. therm o - graphic imagi ng is preferable; if this capability is not avail- able, the n th ermo co uple s may be u s ed . powe r-one recom- mend s the u s e of awg #4 0 gaug e thermoco uple s to ensu r e measurement accu ra cy. careful routin g of the the r m o co uple leads will further mi nimize meas urement error. refer to fig- ure h fo r opti m um mea s u r i ng therm o cou p le location. thermal derating load cu rrent vs. ambie n t tempe r ature a nd ai rflow rat e s a r e given in fig s . 1 and 2 for vertical and hori z ontal converte r mounting. a m bient temp eratu r e was varied b e twe en 25 c and 8 5 c , wit h airflo w rate s from 30 to 500 l f m (0.1 5 to 2.5 m/s). for each set of co ndition s, the m a ximum loa d current wa s defined a s th e lowe st of: (i) th e output current at which a n y fet junction tem peratu r e doe s not exceed a maxim u m spe c ified temperature (120 c) as indi cate d by the thermo grap hic im ag e, or (ii) the n o min a l rating of the conve r ter (40 a). duri ng no rma l operatio n, derati ng cu rves with maxim u m fet temperature l e ss than o r equal to 1 2 0 c sho u ld no t be ex- cee ded. tem peratu r e on t he pcb at the thermo co u p le loca - tion sho w n i n fig. h sh o u ld not exce ed 118 c in orde r to operate insi d e the deratin g curve s . efficiency fig. 3 sho w s the efficie n cy vs. load cu rre nt plot fo r ambient temperature of 25oc, airfl o w rat e of 30 0 lfm (1.5 m/s) with vertical mo un ting and inp u t voltages of 3 6 v, 48 v and 72 v. also, a plot of efficiency vs. load cu rrent, as a fun c tion of ambient temp eratu r e with vin = 48 v, ai rflow rate of 2 00 l f m (1 m/s) with vertical m ounti ng is sho w n i n fig. 4. po w e r dis s ipation fig. 5 sho w s the powe r di ssi pation vs. load current plot for ta = 25o c, airflow rate o f 300 lfm (1.5 m/s) with vertical mounting and input voltage s of 36 v, 48 v and 72 v. also, a plot of p o wer dissip ation vs. load current, as a fu n c tion of ambient temp eratu r e with vin = 48 v, ai rflow rate of 2 00 l f m (1 m/s) with vertical m ounti ng is sho w n i n fig. 6. start-up output voltag e wavefo rm s, durin g the tu rn-on tran sie n t usin g the on/o ff pin for full ra ted load cu rrents (re si stive load ) are sho w n without and with external load cap a ci tance i n fig. 7 and fig . 8, respe c tively. ripple and noise fig. 10 sh ows the output v o lt age rippl e waveform, m easure d at full rated l oad cu rrent with a 10 f tantalum and 1 f ce - rami c cap a cit o r a c ro ss the output. note that all outp u t volt- age wavefo rms a r e m e a s ured a c ro ss a 1 f ce rami c cap a ci - tor. the in put ref l ected rip p le cu rrent wav e form s a r e o b tained usin g the te st setup sho w n in fig. 11. the corre s p ondin g waveforms a r e sho w n in fi g. 12 and fig. 13. feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 7 of 13 ww w.po we r- o ne.com
qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut start-up information (using negative on/off) scenario #1: initial start-up from bulk su pply on/of f function en ab led, co nverte r started via ap plic atio n of v in . see f i gur e e. t i m e c o m m e n t s t 0 on/of f pin is on; sy stem fro n t end p o w e r is toggle d on, v in to converter begins to rise. t 1 v in crosses un der-vo l tage lo ckout protectio n circuit thresho l d; conv erter ena bl ed. t 2 conv erter beg i n s to respon d to turn-on com m and (co n - verter turn-on del a y ). t 3 conv erter v out reaches 1 0 0 % of nomina l val ue. f o r this examp l e, the total con v erter start-up time (t 3 - t 1 ) is ty pically 4 ms. fig. e: start-u p scenar io # 1 . v in on / o f f state v out t t 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 on of f scenario #2: initial start-up using on/o f f pin with v in previo usl y po w e re d, converter start ed via on/of f pin. see f i gur e f . t i m e c o m m e n t s t 0 v input at nomin al val ue. t 1 arbitrar y tim e w h e n on/of f pin is e n a b le d (converter ena ble d ). t 2 end of conv erter turn-on d e l a y. t 3 conv erter v out reaches 1 0 0 % of nomina l val ue. f o r this examp l e, the total con v erter start-up time (t 3 - t 1 ) is ty pically 4 ms. scen ario #3: t u r n - o f f an d rest art usin g on/of f pin with v in previo usl y po w e re d, converter is d i s abl ed a nd the n en- abl ed via on/ o f f pin. see f i gure g. t i m e c o m m e n t s t 0 v in and v out are at nomin al va lues; on/of f pin on. t 1 on/of f pin arbitraril y d i sa ble d ; converter o u t put falls to zero; turn-on inhi bit del a y p e rio d (100 ms typ i cal) is initiat ed, an d on/of f pin action is inter nal l y inhi bite d. t 2 on/of f pin is ext e rna l l y re-e nab led. if (t 2 - t 1 ) 100 ms , ex ternal action of on/of f pin is locke d out b y start-up i nhi bi t timer. if (t 2 - t 1 ) > 100 ms , on/off pin action is internally ena ble d . t 3 t u rn-on inhi bit del a y peri od e nds. if on/of f pin is on, converter begins turn-on; if off, converter a w aits on/of f pin on sign al; see f i gur e f . t 4 end of conv erter turn-on d e l a y. t 5 conv erter v out reaches 1 0 0 % of nomina l val ue. f o r the conditi on, (t 2 - t 1 ) 100 ms , the total converter start- up time (t 5 - t 2 ) is typical l y 10 4 ms. f o r (t 2 - t 1 ) > 1 00 ms , start-up w i ll be t y pica ll y 4 ms after releas e of on/off pin. on/of f sta t e v ou t t 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 on of f v in t fig. f: start-up scenar io # 2 . on/ o f f sta t e of f on v ou t t 0 t 2 t 1 t 5 v in t t 4 t 3 100 ms fig. g: start-up scenar io # 3 . feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 8 of 13 ww w.po we r- o ne.com
qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut a m bient te m p er at ur e [ c ] 2 0 30 40 50 60 7 0 8 0 9 0 loa d c u r r e nt [ a dc] 0 10 20 30 40 50 500 lfm (2 .5 m/ s) 400 lfm (2 .0 m/ s) 300 lfm (1 .5 m/ s) 200 lfm (1 .0 m/ s) 100 lfm (0 .5 m/ s) 30 lfm (0 .15 m/ s) fig. 1 : availa ble l o a d curre n t vs. ambient a i r temperatur e and airflo w r a tes f o r qm4 8 s 40 03 3 co nverter mounte d verti c all y w i t h air fl o w i n g from p i n 3 to pin 1, mosf e t temperature 120 c, vin = 48 v. load current [a dc] 0 1 02 03 04 05 0 e f ficiency 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 72 v 48 v 36 v fig. 3 : efficienc y vs. lo ad c u rrent and in p u t volta ge f o r con- verter mo unte d vertica l l y w i th air fl o w i ng from pi n 3 to pi n 1 at a rate of 300 lf m (1.5 m/s) and t a = 25 c. a mbient te m p er at ur e [ c ] 2 0 30 40 50 60 7 0 8 0 9 0 loa d c u r r e nt [ a dc] 0 10 20 30 40 50 500 lfm (2 .5 m/ s) 400 lfm (2 .0 m/ s) 300 lfm (1 .5 m/ s) 200 lfm (1 .0 m/ s) 100 lfm (0 .5 m/ s) 30 lfm (0 .15 m/ s) fig. 2 : availa ble l o a d curre n t vs. ambient a i r temperatur e and airflo w rates for qm48s40 03 3 conv erter mounte d hor izo n t all y w i t h air fl o w i n g from p i n 3 to pin 1, mosf e t temperature 120 c, vin = 48 v. load current [a dc] 0 1 02 03 04 05 0 effici ency 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 70 c 55 c 40 c fig. 4 : efficienc y vs. l o a d cur r ent an d ambi e n t temper ature for converter m o u n ted vertic all y w i t h vin = 4 8 v and air flo w ing from pin 3 to pi n 1 at a rate of 200 lf m (1.0 m/s). feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 9 of 13 ww w.po we r- o ne.com
qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut load current [a dc] 0 1 02 03 04 05 0 p ow er di ss i pa ti on [w ] 0.00 4.00 8.00 12 . 0 0 16 . 0 0 72 v 48 v 36 v fig. 5 : pow e r d i ssi pa ti on vs. l o ad cu rre n t and i n p u t vo l t ag e fo r converter m o u n ted vertic all y w i t h a i r flo w i n g from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 lf m (1.5 m/s) and t a = 25 c. fig. 7 : t u rn-on transi ent at full rate d l oad current (res i stive ) w i t h n o outp u t cap a citor at v i n = 4 8 v, trig gere d vi a on/ o f f pin. t op trac e: on/of f sign al (5 v/div.). b o ttom trace: o u tput voltag e (1 v/di v.) t i me scale: 2 ms/div. load current [a dc] 0 1 02 03 04 05 0 p ow er di ss i pa ti on [w ] 0.00 4.00 8.00 12 . 0 0 16 . 0 0 70 c 55 c 40 c fig. 6 : po w e r diss ipati o n vs . loa d c u rrent and am bie n t t e m- peratur e for co nverter mou n t ed vertica l l y w i th vin = 48 v and air flo w i ng from pin 3 to pi n 1 at a rate of 200 lf m (1.0 m/s). fig. 8 : t u rn-on transi ent at full rate d l oad current (res i stive ) plus 40,0 00 f at vin = 48 v, trigger ed v i a on/of f pin. t op trace: on/of f sig nal (5 v/ di v.). bottom trace: outp u t vo ltag e (1 v/div.). t i me scale: 2 ms/div. feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 10 of 1 3 ww w.po we r- o ne.com
qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut fig. 9 : output voltag e resp o n se to lo ad c u rrent step-ch a nge (20 a ? 30 a ? 20 a) at vi n = 48 v. t op trace: output vo ltag e (100 mv/d iv.). bottom trace: loa d curre nt ( 10 a/div). c u r r ent sle w rate: 1 a/ s. co = 4 70 f tantalum + 1 f ceramic. t i me scale: 0.2 ms/div. fig. 1 0 : outp ut volta g e rip p le ( 2 0 mv/div.) at ful l r a ted l oad current into a resistive lo ad w i t h co = 10 f tantalum + 1uf ceramic a nd vi n = 48 v. t i me scale: 1 s/div. v out v s our c e i s i c 1 f ce r a m i c c apac i t or 10 h s our c e i nduc tanc e dc/dc c onv e r te r 33 f es r < 1 el e c tr ol y t i c c a pac i t or ? q ma x se ri e s qm a x tm fig. 1 1 : t e st setup for meas u r ing i nput refle c ted ripp le curr ents, i c and i s . feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 11 of 1 3 ww w.po we r- o ne.com
qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut fig. 1 2 : input reflected rip p l e current, i s (10 ma/div), meas- u r e d th ro ug h 10 h at t he s o urce at full rat ed loa d c u rren t and v i n = 48 v. refer to f i g . 11 for test se tup. t i me scale: 1 s/div. io u t [ad c ] 15 60 4. 0 v out [ v dc ] 0 0 2. 0 1. 0 30 45 3. 0 fig. 1 4 : output voltag e vs. loa d cu rrent sh o w i ng curre nt limit poi nt an d c o n v erter sh utdo w n p o int. in put voltag e h a s al - most no effect on curre nt limit characteristic. fig. 1 3 : input r e flected rip p le current, i c (100 ma/div), meas - ured at in put te rminals at ful l rated lo ad curr e n t and vi n = 48 v. refer to fig. 11 for te st setup. t i me scale: 1 s/div. fig. 1 5 : loa d current (top tra c e, 20 a/ div, 20 ms/div) into a 10 m ? short circuit duri ng r e start, at vin = 48 v. botto m trace (20 a/div, 1 ms/div) is a n e x pa nsi on of the o n -time por- tion of the top trace. feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 12 of 1 3 ww w.po we r- o ne.com
qm 48s40033 dc-dc converter data sheet 3 6 -75 vdc in p ut; 3.3 vdc @ 40a out p ut physical information side v i ew 3 2 1 4 5 6 8 7 top vi ew pin co nnec t io n s pin # func tio n 1 v i n ( + ) 2 on/ o f f 3 v i n ( - ) 4 vout (- ) 5 s e n s e ( - ) 6 trim 7 s e n s e ( + ) 8 vout (+) qm48s platform notes ? all dime nsi ons are in i n ches [ mm] ? con nector mat e rial: c opp er ? con nector f i ni sh: gold over nickel ? conv erter w e i ght: 1.06oz [30 g] ? recomme nd ed surface-mou n t pads: min. 0.080? x 0. 112? [2.0 3 x 2.84] max. 0.0 92? x 0. 124? [2.3 4 x 3.15] converter part numbering scheme produc t series inpu t voltag e moun tin g scheme rated load current ou tpu t voltag e on/ o f f logi c maximu m heigh t (h t) pin leng th (pl ) special feat ures qm 4 8 s 4 0 0 3 3 - n s 0 0 quart e r-b ri c k format 36-75 v surface mount 40 a 033 ? 3.3 v n ? ne gative p ? positive s ? 0.295 ? 0 ? 0.00 ? 0 ? std the exam ple above describes p / n qm48s40 033 -ns00: 36- 75 v inpu t, surface mount, 40 a @ 3.3 v output, negative on/off logic and a max i mum height of 0.295?. please consult factory regarding availability of a specific version. rohs orderi ng infor m ati o n : ? no rohs suffix c haracter is requir ed for lead-solde r-e xemption com p liance. ? for ro hs compliance to all six s ubstances, add the letter " g " as th e last letter of the part numbe r. nuclear and medical appli c ations - po wer-one products are not designed , intended f o r use in, or autho rized for use as com ponent s in life support sy stems, e quipm ent used in h a zardous environme n ts, or nuclear c ontrol s y stems without the e x p r ess written consent of the respec tive divisional president o f power- one, i n c. techni cal re visions - t he appearance of p r oducts, includin g safe t y agenc y certifications pictured on labels, ma y change d ependi ng on the date manufactured. s pecifications ar e subject to change w i tho u t notice. feb 10, 2004 revised to nov 13, 2006 page 13 of 1 3 ww w.po we r- o ne.com

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